HISTORY OF ART & DESIGN: Roman Architecture

 Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. 

Characteristics

1. TempleArchitecture:
Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state.
blended with Greek features.
emphasis on the front of the building.
example:  Temple of Fortuna  
                 Virilis. ("manly fortune")

2. CONCRETE:
created a revolution in architectural design.
create larger, heavier buildings.    * example: - The Sanctuary of  Fortuna Palestrina.
3. ARCH & VAULT:
Coliseum 
Race Track – Circus Maximus
Public Baths
Amphitheaters

Arch
The arch consists of two supports, called piers, each topped by a platform called an impost. 
curved pattern that is capped by the central block of the arch called the keystone. 
A row of arches is called an arcade. Arches allowed the Romans to create wider, taller, and lighter structures.
 They also learned that if they built arches entirely inside the walls of their buildings that this would make the walls even stronger. 
Windows can be placed at any point.
VAULT
A vault is a ceiling of brick, stone, or concrete built in the principle of the arch. 
A tunnel vault, or barrel vault, is a tunnel-like, semi-cylindrical extension of an arch, which may be thought of as an unbroken series of arches pressed together, one behind the other.

4. DOME:
Basilicas
   - Large and relatively open
     space.   
- examples:       ► Pantheon       ► early Christian churches


Roman Architecture

The Roman architecture is utilitarian, practical, because the Romans are pragmatic in spirit. 
Most of the Roman buildings are for civil use, not religious. 
Romans invented materials and construction techniques that allow them to build multi-storeyed buildings – concrete, brick and the arch. Ceramic is the most durable material in the world. Indoor plumbing. 
Roman engineers no longer depend on the landscape, they can alter it to their needs. 












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